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人教版初中物理下册【七到九年级】电子教科书下载

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英语也是一门主要的课程,与语文数学并列,是求学者永远离不开必学的一门课程。下面是小编为大家整理的有关小学英语学习资料,希望对你们有帮助!

小学英语学习资料汇总1

1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.

2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .

4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.

5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.

6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)

二:形容词比较级详解

当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:

什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:

① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier

④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)

比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big

(1) How is the Yellow River

(2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm.

(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.

(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.

二,根据句意写出所缺的单词

(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.

(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.

(3) An elephant is than a pig.

(4) A lake is than a sea.

(5) A basketball is than a football.

三,根据中文完成句子.

(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother.

(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.

(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.

(4) 谁比你重 than you

三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A,规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

五:人称和数

人称代词

物主代词

主格

宾格

第一

人称

单数

I(我)

me

my(我的)

复数

we(我们)

us

our(我们的)

第二

人称

单数

you(你)

you

your(你的)

复数

you(你们)

you

your(你们的)

第三

人称

单数

he(他)

him

his(他的)

she(她)

her

her(她的)

it(它)

it

its(它的)

复数

they(他们/她们/它们)

them

their(他们的/她们的/它们的)

六:句型专项归类

肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.

He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.

☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .

3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.

如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.

Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)

Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).

Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,

①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.

4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:

What is this It's a computer.

What does he do He's a doctor.

Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.

Which season do you like best Summer.

When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.

Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.

Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.

How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.

☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.

How many girls can you see I can see four girls.

How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.

☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,

How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……

How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……

How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……

七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not

总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not

分类归纳:

一:名词的单复数;

1. 后加s:apple---apples book---books house-houses tree---trees

2. 后加es:tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes box—boxes peach-peaches

3. 原形:sheep-sheep fish—fish rice-rice milk—milk water—water

二:形容词的比较级,加r,er,y-i加er

1. 有e加r:nice--nicer wide--wider

2. 直加er:tall--taller old--older long--longer strong--stronger young—younger short—shorter

3. 双写加er:thin—thinner big—bigger

4. 变身y-i加er:heavy—heavier

三:动词的ing形式,现在进行时do-doing

1. 直接加ing:cook—cooking read—reading teach—teaching swing—swinging do-doing

2. 去掉e加ing:write-writing take-taking have-having dive-diving ride-riding

3. 双写加ing:swim—swimming run—running

四:动词的第三人称单数形式,do—does

1. 直接加s:read-reads draw-draws

like-likes write-writes make-makes live-lives come-comes drive- drives

2. 加es:go-goes do-does teach-teaches watch-watches

3. 变y-i加es:study- studies

五:动词的过去式,do—did

1. 有e加d:make→maked write→writed dancd-danced

2 .直接加ed:visit→visted learn→learned watch-watched play—liayde cook-cooked

3. 变y-i加ed:study—studied

4. 变身:do-did go-went have-had sing-sang buy-bought swim—swam

5. 原形:read—read

六:写出下列单词的反义词:

tall—short taller—taller old-young new older-younger boy—girl yes-no

big-small bigger-smaller long-shoet longer-shorter

七:完全—缩写形式

arenot=aren’t is not=isn’t do not=don’t did not=didn’t does not=doesn’t

can not=can’t was not=wasn’t I will=I’ll I am=I’m I would=I’d

Let us=Let‘s they are=they’re what is=what’s she is=she’s it is=it’s

he is=he’s were not=weren’t mister=Mr centimeter=cm kg

八:一个单词的多种形式:

原形 第三人称单数 ing进行时 过去式

do does doing did

go goes going went

watch watches watching watched

write writes writing writed

swim swims swimming swamp

read reads reading read

play plays playing played

英语作文示范:靠中间写,句数要够,书写规范,题目。

1. 请你以“My Friend”或“My Pen Pal”为题,介绍一下你的朋友,基本信息包括:姓名,年龄,身高,体重,长相,爱好,住哪,平时做的事,怎样去上学等。

(不少于5句话)。

注:句子不少于5句,第三人称,书写规范。

My Friend

My Friend is Chen Jie.

She is 14.

She is 160 tall.

She is tall and thin.

She is 45kg.

She likes making kites.

She lives in china.

She watches TV at night.

She goes to school by bike.

We are good friends.

2.你打算这个周末在家里举行一个“party”,你能介绍一下去你家的路线,好让你的朋友尽快找到你吗?(不少于5句话)。

注:条例清晰,不少于5句话,书写规范。

Start from your school.

Take the NO.5 bus.

Get off at the cinema.

Turn left at the cinema.

Go straight for 3 minutes.

My home is near the bookstore.

3.在家里你能帮父母干些什么家务呢?赶紧介绍一下吧。(不少于5句话)。

注:I can句型,短语书写正确,注意“the”和单复数。不少于5句话。

I can cook the meals.

I can wash the clothes.

I can clean the bedroom.

I can set the table.

I can water the flowers.

I can make the bed.

I am helpful at home.

4.你能介绍一下你的家人都是什么职业,在哪工作,怎么去上班吗?(不少于5句话)。

注:注意第一第三人称,不少于5句话,书写规范

My Family

My mother is a teacher.

She works in a school.

She goes to work by bike.

My father is an engineer.

He goes to work by bus.

My sister is a doctor.

She works in a hospital.

She goes to work by subway.

I am a student.

I go to school on foot.

5.你能给大家比较一下你家人的外貌特征吗?不少于5句话

注:外貌特征,长相比较,可以用比较级。

My Family

My father is taller than my mother.

My father is older than my mother.

My mother is younger than my father.

My sister is shorter than my brother.

I am shorter than my brother.

But I am taller than my sister.

5. 请你给大家介绍一下你家人的爱好好吗?注意人称变化. 不少于5句话。

注:注意第一like,第三人称likes的变化。Like后面加ing.

I like reading books.

My father likes reading newspapers.

My mother likes singsing.

My little sister likes watching TV.

My brother likes swimming.

My little brother likes flying kites.

6. 你能介绍一下,上一个(假期)周末你都做什么了吗?可以以“Last Weekend”为题,不少于5句话。

注:过去式,第一人称,题目。

Last Weekend

On Saturday morning,I claned my bedroom.

In the afternoon,I went to a park.

At night,I watched TV.

On Sunday Imorning,I read books.

In the afternoon,I washed my clothes.

At night ,I went to the cinema.

7. 请根据提示写一下你的家人上个周末都做什么了。不少于5句话。

注:根据提示来,过去式,一、三人称。

妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—去公园 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—读书

Last Weekend

My mother washed the clothes.

My father went to a park.

My brother played football.

My sister watched TV.

I read English books.

8. 请根据提示写一下你的家人此时此刻正在做什么,不少于5句话。

注:现在进行时,加ing,有be的am,is,are形式。

妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—读报纸 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—读书

My mother is washing the clothes.

My father is reading newspapers.

My brother is playing football.

My sister is watching TV.

I am reading English books.

9. 请根据提示写一下你的家人下个周末都打算干什么,不少于5句话。

注:一般将来时,be going to +v原形。Be 有am,is,are。

妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—读报纸 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—放风筝

Next Weekend

My mother is going to wash the clothes.

My father is going to read newspapers.

My brother is going to play football.

My sister is going to watch TV.

I am going to fly kites.

小学英语六年级总复习(二)

( 一) 语音部分。

这部分重点是帮助学生整理、归纳发音规律和读音规

则, 过好语音关。英语课程标准二级目标提出: 要知道错误的

发音会影响交际; 知道字母名称的读音; 了解简单的拼读规

律; 了解单词有重音; 语音清楚、语调自然。在复习语音知识

时应强调了解语音知识的意义, 而不是语音规则的掌握; 强

调语音知识在交际中的作用, 而不是语音知识本身。从而为

学生继续以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。进行总复习时,

可按照以下板块来分类复习。

A) 元音: a e i o u

Aa cake, face, date, snake, grape, make,

game, plate, later, name, lake, etc

cat, map, hat, sad, happy, black, etc

Ee evening, we, he, be , she, these, etc

bed, help, elbow, desk, ten, leg,

eleven, dress, egg, hen, yes, very, etc

Ii ice, time, bike, ride, white, Friday,

library, rice, like, nice, kite, size, etc

pink, six, in, pig, fifty, river,

windy, sick, sister, sit, milk, fish,

slipper, in, thin, big , swim, it, etc

Oo home, nose, rose, go, those, hole,

close, hotel, old, hello, rope, cold, etc

nod, not, closet, box, fox, lock,

lot, shop, rock, office, orange, on, etc

Uu sun, sunny, run, fun, jump, lunch,

supper, under, truck, duck, donut, us,

Sunday, hundred, etc

computer, Tuesday, excuse, unit,

January, avenue, music, use, etc

B) 元音字母组合

E — tea, speak, dream, east, easy, teacher,

leaf, leave, read, jeans, meat, cheap, etc

breakfast, bread, sweater, heaven, head, etc

ee — see, need, queen, sheep, teeth,

green, sleep, nineteen, street, knee, etc

oo — toothbrush, zoo, cool, food, noodles,

Kangaroo, school, afternoon, cookie, etc

classroom, book, foot, look, good,

bedroom, cookies, wood, etc

ou —blouse, house, mouth, mouse, south,

cloudy, about, etc

ar — department, arm, car, park, March,

apartment, far, marker, hard, party, etc

or —morning, north, for, corner, short,

shorts, story, horse, forty, etc

homework, work, doctor, world, word, etc

ir — shirt, bird, skirt, thirsty, thirty,

third, circle, first, girl, etc

ur — Thursday, purple, curly, hurt, nurse,

hamburger, Saturday, etc

er — sweater, sister, teacher, letter, supper,

computer, burger, under, corner, tiger, etc

ear —ear, year, near, hear, dear, etc

ay — X- ray, day, May, play, may,

always, today, gray, okay, way, etc

ow —tomorrow, know, below, slow, elbow,

yellow, show, snow, bowl, etc

cow, now, brown, flower, down, etc

oa —coat, boat, goat, road, etc

C) 辅音字母组合

sh — cashier, she, sheep, shoes, fish, etc

ch — chicken, teacher, chalk, chair, chant,

children, much, China, etc

tr — waitress, tree, street, truck, traffic,

strawberry , trick, etc

dr — drink, dress, drive, dream, draw, etc

th — theatre, thirsty, three, think, third,

Thursday, teeth, etc

mother, father, this, that, they,

brother, these, their, etc

wh —where, what, white, when, why, etc

( 二) 词汇部分。

包括: 名词、动词、形容词以及常见词组、短语等。

各词类在复习时可按主题再进一步的划分, 如小学阶段

要求掌握的名词可分为学习用品、职业、颜色、身体部位、家

庭成员、蔬菜、水果、服装、食品、场所、交通工具、动物、植物、

家具、形状、季节、节日、国家等; 动词可分为运动、休闲娱乐、

学习、家务、感官动词等; 形容词可分为描写外貌、性格、情

感、天气、表示“好”的形容词等类别。这样分类的目的是帮助

学生整理知识, 并丰富他们的积极词汇量, 如学生在描述人

物性格时, 可以有多个不同的形容词涌入头脑, 供其选择。这

样说( 写) 出来的词汇和内容都会比较丰富。

这种分类也是对学生学习策略的一个提示。策略研究的

结果表明分类记忆的词汇效果较好, 并易于提取。除此之外,

我们还可以教给学生采用记忆同义词、反义词、联想记忆等

方法来整理、记忆词汇。

教材中出现的比较重要的词组和短语, 我们也可以一起

来整理记忆。如:

表示地点:

in /on /under the desk /table? in a river /tree?

in the classroom/gym/library? in the top

in front of /behind the tree? in the sink

in the bedroom/living room? on the ice / snow

on the blackboard on a map on the right /left?

表示时间:

in the morning /afternoon /evening

in winter /spring /summer /fall

表示动作:

open the window/book /door close the window/book /door

go to bed go to school

go to sleep go for a walk

go straight go up the stairs

go shopping go to the park /zoo /gym?

go swimming go /walk /drive to work

eat breakfast /lunch /supper have breakfast /lunch /supper

read a book read books

read the newspaper a pair of shorts /gloves?

read my /your book

play basketball /sports /cards? play on the computer

work on the computer speak English /Chinese

teach English learn English

take a picture take off

take the bus by bus /bicycle?

write a story write a letter

watch TV watch a movie

fly a kite fly kites go on a trip

go on trips have a good trip

help my /your mother wash my /your hands /face

brush my /your teeth get up

domy homework put on

drawa picture walk home

stand up wake up

listen to the radio /teacher turn right /left

work hard drive a car

ride a bicycle stay home

look at live in arrive in?

leave for ? etc

( 三) 语法部分。

1.词类与用法。

A.名词。

( 1) 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 要求掌握单数变

复数的一般规则。何时加- s, 何时加- es .

( 2) 掌握课本中出现的不规则名词的复数形式。如men,

women , children , people, etc

( 3) 了解不可数名词没有复数形式。如: paper, chalk,

ice, cream, cake, juice, soup, ice, meat, fish, fruit, milk,

chicken, etc

此外, 还有一些名词本身就是以复数形式出现的。如:

shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, etc

B.代词。

( 1) 掌握人称代词he, she, I, you, we, they 的用法.

( 2) 掌握形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, our 的用

法。了解名词性物主代词mine, yours 的用法。

( 3) 掌握指示代词this , that, these, those 的用法, 特别是

它们构成的句型。

( 4) 掌握疑问代词( 包括部分疑问副词) what, how, how

many , howmuch, howold, howtall, howoften, who, what time,

when , where, 等构成的特殊疑问句并能做出简单回答。

C.冠词。

掌握a 和an 的不同用法。

D.数词。

( 1) 掌握数词1~100 以及整百、整千的写法用法。

( 2) 了解序数词第1- 第12。

E.介词。

掌握介词in, on, under, above, below, beside, inside,

outside, in front of, behind 等的用法。

F.动词。

( 1) 掌握be 动词am, is, are (was were) 在使用时的人称

变化, be 动词构成的肯定句、否定句、疑问句以及对疑问句的

回答等形式。

( 2) 掌握行为动词在不同时态里的不同形式, 包括一般

现在时里的动词原形和动词的第三人称单数形式; 现在进行

时里的动词+ing 形式和一般过去时里的动词过去式包括规

则动词加- ed 和不规则动词如ate, saw, went, bought,

taught, thought, etc.

( 3) 掌握助动词do, does, did 等构成的否定句、疑问句

以及对问句的简单回答形式。

( 4) 掌握情态动词can, may 构成的各种句型及问句的答

语。

( 5) 掌握would 构成的问句及答语。

G.形容词、副词。

了解形容词可放到be 动词后或名词前如: I am happy.

Mymother is young. This is a red bag. He has white hair. 了解形

容词比较级的用法。如: I am older/ younger than ? I am

taller/ shorter than?

了解表示频率的副词always, usually, sometimes, never

的用法。

2.句子:

A. 句子的类型: 重点掌握陈述句( 包括肯定句和否定

句) 、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及其回答。

B.句子的时态: 要求掌握一般现在时、现在进行时、一般

过去时和一般将来时, 重点是一般现在时和现在进行时。

小学英语学习资料汇总2

一、大写字母的运用

1.句首第一个字母大写。

2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。

3.星期、月份的首字母大写。

4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位,首字母大写。

5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等,首字母大写或全大写。

6.句中要强调的部分通常全大写。

7.诗的每一行首字母要大写。

二、与字母发音相同的单词

如:Bb-bee, Cc-see/sea, Rr-are, Tt-tea, Ii-I/eye, Oo-oh, Uu-you, Yy-why.

三、缩略形式

如:I’m = I am,

you’re = you are,

she’s = she is/she has,

won’t=will not,

can’t =can not,

isn’t=is not, let's = let us.

四、同音异形词

如:to/too/two,

their/there,

right/write,

pair/pear,

four/for,

know/no,

sun/son.

五、反义词

如:day-night,

come-go,

yes-no,

up-down,

big-small.

short-longtall,

fat-thin,

low-high,

slow-fast,

六、名词复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加s,

如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.

2.以s,x,sh,ch 结尾,加es,

如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母加y 结尾,变y 为i, 再加es,

如:family-families, hobby-hobbies.

4.以f 或fe 结尾,变f 或fe 为v, 再加es,

如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.

5.以o 结尾,加es,

如:mango-mangoes.

加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.

6.不规则变化,

如:man-men,

woman-women,

child-children,

foot-feet,

tooth-teeth.

7.不可数名词

有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice 等。

(不可数名词 相对应的be 动词是is/was)

七、名词所有格

表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。

名词所有格的构成有以下规 则:

1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加’s 构成。

如:Tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’。

如:our teachers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。

如:Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

八、a, an 和the 的用法

1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”.

单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F”.

2.the 要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。

九、人称代词和物主代词

1

人称代词

1.人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外)。

3.人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。

4.人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。

2

物主代词

1.表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

2.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词也有人称和数的 变化。

3.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词所代表的 事物是属于谁的。

4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。

如:This is my bag.= This is mine.

3

熟记人称代词和物主代词的绕口令

我是" I " ,你是“you", "he, she, it" 他,她,它" 我的“my”,你的"your", 他的"his", 她的"her"

主 格 I you he she it we you they

宾 格 me you him her it us you them

形 物 my your his her its our your their

名 物 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

十、形容词、副词的比较级

1.形容词的比较级:用于两者的比较。

(1)基本句式的构成:

A(主格)+ be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).

(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:

as + 原级 + as

2.副词的比较级:

(1)基本句式的构成:

A(主格)+ 动词 + 副词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).

(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:as + 原级 + as

3.形容词、副词比较级的变化规则:

(1)单音节词末尾加er;

(2)单音节词如果以字母e 结尾,加r;

(3)重读闭音节词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加er;

(4)以辅音字母加y 结尾,变y 为i,再加er;

(5)双音节和多音节词的比较级在原级前加more;

(6)不规则变化, 如:well-better, much/many-more。

十一、基数词和序数词

1.one--first,

two--second,

three--third,

five--fifth,

nine--ninth,

twelve--twelfth,

twenty-twentieth,

forty-one--forty-first.

序数词前一定要加the。

2.基数词变成序数词的方法:

(1)直接在基数词词尾加上th,

如:seventh 第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第 十三;

(2)以y 结尾的基数词,变y 为ie,再加上th,

如:twentieth 第二十。

(3)不规则变化,

如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。

(4)基数词“几十几”变为序数词时,表示“几十”的基数词不变,只把表示 “几”的基数词变成序数词,

如twenty-first 第二十一。

3.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的,

如:1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th 。 十二、be 动词(am, is, are)

1.口诀:我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它,复数全用are。

2.否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式), is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t。

3.过去式:am/is(was), are(were)。

十三、情态动词

(can,must,could,would,may,shall,should)

1.情态动词后面用动词原形。

2.其否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。

十四、助动词

(do, does, did)

1.do, does 用于一般现在时,does 用于第三人称单数,其余一律用do。

2.did 用于一般过去时。

3.它们的否定形式为:do not=don’t, does not=doesn’t. did not=didn’t.

十五、介词 in 的用法

1.用在某范围或某空间内,

如:in the desk

2.在一段时间内,

如:in the morning

3.以,用……方式,

如:in English in 和on 的区别: 树上长出来的用on,不是树上长出来的则用in。

in, on, at 的区别:

in, on, at 都可以用来放在时间前面,但是in 后面一般是morning,afternoon, evening,月份、年份、季节或者指某一段时间内;

on 用在具体某一天,如:on Sunday morning;

at 一般用在某个假期期间(不是指具体的某一天),它还可 以用在具体的时间,如:at Spring Festival, at five o’clock.

小学英语教材中出现的介词有:

in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around, nearby 等。

十六、there be 结构与have, has 的区别

there be 结构:

1.there be 结构表示“某地存在着什么事物或人”。

在一般现在时中,there be 结构应该用there is 或there are 表示;

在一般 过去时中,there be 结构则应该用there was 或there were 表示。

2.主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is(was),是复数时用are(were)。

3.there be 结构遵循就近原则。

4.在陈述句中为了强调地点,可将介词短语提到句首。

5.否定句:在be 动词后面加not,如果句中有some,要变成any。

6.一般疑问句:把be 动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。

7.What is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)

there be 结构与have, has 的区别:

there be 表示某地存在着什么事物或人;

have(has) 表示某物或人拥有某物。

十七、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。

常与now 连用,当句首有look, listen 时,也用现在进行时。

2.现在进行时肯定句的基本结构为:

主语+ be 动词+动词的现在分词(doing, 即动词的ing 形式)

(1)其中be 动词随着主语的变化而变化,be 动词包括am, is, are。

(2)动词现在分词的变化规则:

A 一般情况下,直接在动词后加ing,

如:cook-cooking.

B 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,去掉e 后加ing,

如:make-making, dance-dancing.

C 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写末尾字母后加ing,

如:run-running, swim-swimming.

D 以ie 结尾的动词,变ie 为y,再加ing,

如:lie-lying, die-dying.

3.现在进行时的否定句:

在be 动词后面加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句:

把be 动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。

十八、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示一般情况下经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 usually, sometimes, often, always 等词连用。

2.一般现在时的谓语动词为be 动词时,be 的变化遵循“我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它,复数全用are”的规律。

3.一般现在时的谓语动词为其它动词时,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要用第 三人称单数形式。

如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则:

(1)一般的动词,直接在词尾加s,

如:cook-cooks, like-likes.

(2) 以s,x,sh,ch,o 等结尾的动词,加es,

如:wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does.

(3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,变y 为i, 再加es,

如:study-studies.

(4)不规则变化,如:have-has.

5.一般现在时的变化:

(1)be 动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

如:He is not a worker.他不是一名工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它?

如:Are you a student?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?

如:Where is my bike?

(2)行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如:I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't 构成否定句。

如:He doesn't like PE.

一般疑问句:

Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它?

如:Do you often play chess?

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does 构成一般疑问句。

如:Does she like PE?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?

如:How does your father go to work?

十九、一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示在过去的某一时间里发生的事情,我们用动词的过去式来表 示。

常与yesterday, last night,just now, a moment ago 等表示过去的时间 状语连用。

2.be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:

(1)am 和is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

(2)are 在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

(3)带有was 或were 的句子,其否定句、疑问句的变化和is, am, are 一样,即 否定句在was 或were 后加not,一般疑问句把was 或were 提到句首。

3.句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子:

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,

如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:

在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形,

如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

4.动词过去式变化规则:

(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后面加ed,

如:cook-cooked.

(2)以不发音的e 结尾的单音节词,只加d,

如:taste-tasted.

(3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,变y 为i,再加ed,

如:study-studied.

(4) 以重读闭音节或r 结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个字母后再 加ed,

如:stop-stopped.

(5)不规则变化,

如:go-went, sit-sat.

二十、一般将来时

1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

常 常与tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。

2.基本结构:

(1)be going to do sth.

(2)will do sth.

3.否定句:

在be 动词(am, is, are, was, were)或will 后加not。

4.一般疑问句:

把be 动词或will 提到句首,some 改为any, and 改为or,第一、 二人称互换。

二十一、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,

如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice (次数)等连用,

也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用.

2.基本结构:

助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 e.g. I have already posted the letter.

二十二、some /any

肯定句:I have some toys in my bedroom.

一般疑问句和否定句中:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He doesn’t have any pencils in his pencil case.

表示建议、请求等:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps?

二十三、祈使句

Sit down, please. Don’t open the door.. Let’s go to the park.

2017届小升初英语复习重要知识点整理归纳

一、单词

Unit 1

学习文具:

pen (钢笔) pencil (铅笔) pencil-case ( 铅笔盒) ruler(尺子) eraser(橡皮) crayon (蜡笔) book (书) bag (书包) sharpener (卷笔刀) school (学校)

Unit 2

身体部位:

head (头) face( 脸) nose (鼻子) mouth (嘴) eye (眼睛) leg (腿) ear (耳朵) arm (胳膊) finger (手指) leg (腿) foot (脚) body (身体)

Unit 3

颜色:

red (红色的) yellow (_的) green (绿色的) blue (蓝色的) purple (紫色的) white (白色的) black (黑色的) orange (橙色的) pink (粉色的) brown (棕色的)

Unit 4

动物:

cat (猫) dog (狗) monkey (猴子) panda (熊猫) rabbit( 兔子) duck (鸭子)  pig (猪) bird (鸟) bear (熊) elephant (大象) mouse (老鼠) squirrel (松鼠)

Unit 5

食物:

cake (蛋糕) bread (面包) hot dog (热狗) hamburger (汉堡包) chicken (鸡肉)  French fries (炸薯条) coke (可乐) juice (果汁) milk (牛奶)  water (水) tea (茶) coffee (咖啡)

Unit 6

数字:

one (一) two (二) three (三)  four (四) five (五) six( 六) seven (七) eight (八) nine( 九) ten( 十)  doll (玩具娃娃)  boat (小船) ball (球) kite (风筝) balloon (气球) car (小汽车)  plane (飞机)

二.、对话

1、向别人问好应该说

A: Hello!  (你好!)

B: Hi! (你好!)

2、问别人的名字应该说

A:What's your name? 你的名字是什么?

B:My name's Chen Jie. 我的名字是陈洁。

3、跟别人分手应该说

A: Bye. Good bye!(再见)

B: See you.(再见) Goodbye.(再见)

4、A: I have a pencil bagruler 我有一只铅笔书包尺子。

B: Me too . 我也有。

5、早上相见应该说

A: Good morning. 早上好!

B: Good morning! 早上好!

6、下午相见应该说

A: Good afternoon! 下午好!

B: Good afternoon! 下午好!

7、跟新朋友第一次见面

A: Nice to meet you! 见到你很高兴。

B: Nice to meet you,too! 见到你也很高兴!

8、A: Let's go to school! 让我们一起去上学!

B: OK! 好的。

9、看见久未见面的朋友或者别人身体不舒服,你该这么打招呼

A: How are you ? 你好吗?

B: Fine,thank you我很好,谢谢你。

10、A: Let's paint. 让我们画画。

B: Great! 棒极了!

11、A: Look I have a rabbitmonkey. 看,我有一只兔子猴子。

B: CoolSuper Great Wow! 酷超级好棒极了好厉害.

12、你想看下别人的东西,你该这么说

A: May I have a look? 我可以看一看吗?

B: Sure. Here you are! 当然可以。给你!

13、请别人吃东西,你该这么说

A: Have some French fries. 吃一些炸薯条。

B: Thank you. No, thanks. 谢谢你。不,谢谢你。

14、A: What do you like? 你喜欢什么?

B: I like hot dogs. 我喜欢热狗。

15、你想吃点东西,你该说

A: Can I have some chicken? 我能吃一些鸡肉?

B: Sure here you are. 当然可以,给你。

16、A: Thank you. 谢谢你。

B: You're welcome. 别客气。

17、A:B: Happy birthday. 生日快乐!

B: Thank you. 谢谢。

18、A: How old are you? 你几岁啦?

B: I'm nine. 我九岁了。(要用数字回答哦!)

19、A: Let's eat the birthday cake. 让我们吃生日蛋糕

B: Great! 棒极了!

20、A: How many balloons gifts? 多少个气球礼物?

B: Four ten. 四/十。

三、句子

Unit 1

1.show me your pencil / ruler/ eraser/ crayon/ pen.

让我看看你的铅笔/尺子/橡皮/蜡笔/钢笔。

2.open your pencil--case. 打开你的铅笔盒。

close your book .合上你的书。

show me your sharpener. 让我看看你的卷笔刀。

carry your bag. 背起你的书包。

go to school . 去上学。

Unit 2

3.Touch your head./ nose/ eye/ mouth/ ear.

摸摸你的头/鼻子/眼睛/嘴巴/耳朵。

4. Clap your hands. 拍拍你的手。

Snap your fingers. 打响你的手指。

Wave your arms. 挥挥动你的胳膊。

Cross your legs. 翘翘你的双腿。

Shake your body. 扭扭你的身体。

Stamp your foot. 跺跺你的脚。

Unit 3

5.Show me your red/ blue / green / yellow / purple crayon.

给我看看你的红/蓝/绿/黄/紫色蜡笔。

6.Black, black. Stand up. 黑色,黑色,站起来(起立)!

Pink , pink. Sit down. 粉红色,粉红色,坐下!

Brown, brown. Touch the ground. 棕色,棕色,摸摸地板。

Orange, orange. Touch your head. 橙色,橙色,摸摸你的头。

White, white. Turn around. 白色,白色,转个圈。

Unit 4

7. Act like a cat/ duck/ panda/ monkey/ rabbit/ dog.

模仿小猫/鸭子/熊猫/猴子/兔子/小狗表演。

8. Hunt like a mouse. 像老鼠一样搜寻。

Walk like a elephant. 像大象一样走路。

Climb like a bear. 像狗熊一样爬。

Fly like a bird. 像小鸟一样飞。

Jump like a squirrel. 像松鼠一样跳。

Unit 5

9 .Show me your hamburger. 让我看看你的汉堡包。

Pass me the French fries. 把炸薯条递给我。

Cut the bread. 切面包。

Eat the hot dog. 吃热狗。

Smell the chicken. 闻闻鸡肉。

Make the cake. 做蛋糕。

10.pour the water  倒水。

Smell the coffee 闻闻咖啡。

Taste the tea 尝尝茶。

Show me the milk 让我看看牛奶。

Drink the juice 喝果汁。

11.bounce the ball.拍拍球。

fly the kite. 放风筝。

throw the plane.扔出飞机。

hold the doll.抱娃娃。

Drive the car.开车。

blow up the balloons.吹气球。

第二部分

一、语法易错点

1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.

2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .

4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.

5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.

6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)

二、形容词比较级

当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:

什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么,

如:

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是::

① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier

④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

☆注意☆

比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)

比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.。

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

三、动词过去式

动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A,规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

四、动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格

人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格和宾格区别:主格和宾格汉语意思相同,但位置不同。

Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (宾格)"我"

主格在陈述句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。

Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

Excuse me (me 宾格)

I ask him to go (him 宾格)

They sit in front of me (me 宾格)

主格(8个):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们

宾格(8个):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们

六、句型专项归类

1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,

如:I'm a student.

She is a doctor.

He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom.

2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,

如:I'm not a student.

He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

☆小结☆

否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写。

没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't )。

这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .

3、一般疑问句:指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答。

如:

Are you a student ?Yes, I am No, I'm not.

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

Does he work in a hospital ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

☆小结☆

一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上。

①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" 。

一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。

4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子,此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答。

如:

What is this?

Where are you going?

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

When do you usually get up?

Why do you like spring best ?

How are you?

☆小结☆

其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

例句:How many pencils do you have ?

How many girls can you see ?

how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种搭配,

How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……

How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……

How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……

七、完全、缩略形式

1、简缩形式的变法:把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。

3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时,一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's

4、记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i) 5、记住:thisis 没有简缩形式this's(错误)

5、常见的缩略形式:

I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they

are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are

can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not

isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us

won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not


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